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907cc666eb379086a1de327dc97b1016f799fc33f47e72be38c3d8e49a5f8cb5GitHub description at capture
[NeurIPS 2024 Best Paper Award][GPT beats diffusion🔥] [scaling laws in visual generation📈] Official impl. of "Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Prediction". An *ultra-simple, user-friendly yet state-of-the-art* codebase for autoregressive image generation!
README at capture
# VAR: a new visual generation method elevates GPT-style models beyond diffusion🚀 & Scaling laws observed📈
<div align="center">
[](https://opensource.bytedance.com/gmpt/t2i/invite)
[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02905)
[](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var)
[](https://paperswithcode.com/sota/image-generation-on-imagenet-256x256?tag_filter=485&p=visual-autoregressive-modeling-scalable-image)
</div>
<p align="center" style="font-size: larger;">
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02905">Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Prediction</a>
</p>
<div>
<p align="center" style="font-size: larger;">
<strong>NeurIPS 2024 Best Paper</strong>
</p>
</div>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR/assets/39692511/9850df90-20b1-4f29-8592-e3526d16d755" width=95%>
<p>
<br>
## News
* **2025-11:** We Release our Text-to-Video generation model **InfinityStar** based on VAR & Infinity, please check [Infinity⭐️](https://github.com/FoundationVision/InfinityStar).
* **2025-11:** 🎉 InfinityStar is accepted as **NeurIPS 2025 Oral.**
* **2025-04:** 🎉 Infinity is accepted as **CVPR 2025 Oral.**
* **2024-12:** 🏆 VAR received **NeurIPS 2024 Best Paper Award**.
* **2024-12:** 🔥 We Release our Text-to-Image research based on VAR, please check [Infinity](https://github.com/FoundationVision/Infinity).
* **2024-09:** VAR is accepted as **NeurIPS 2024 Oral** Presentation.
* **2024-04:** [Visual AutoRegressive modeling](https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR) is released.
## 🕹️ Try and Play with VAR!
~~We provide a [demo website](https://var.vision/demo) for you to play with VAR models and generate images interactively. Enjoy the fun of visual autoregressive modeling!~~
We provide a [demo website](https://opensource.bytedance.com/gmpt/t2i/invite) for you to play with VAR Text-to-Image and generate images interactively. Enjoy the fun of visual autoregressive modeling!
We also provide [demo_sample.ipynb](demo_sample.ipynb) for you to see more technical details about VAR.
[//]: # (<p align="center">)
[//]: # (<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/39692511/226376648-3f28a1a6-275d-4f88-8f3e-cd1219882488.png" width=50%)
[//]: # (<p>)
## What's New?
### 🔥 Introducing VAR: a new paradigm in autoregressive visual generation✨:
Visual Autoregressive Modeling (VAR) redefines the autoregressive learning on images as coarse-to-fine "next-scale prediction" or "next-resolution prediction", diverging from the standard raster-scan "next-token prediction".
<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR/assets/39692511/3e12655c-37dc-4528-b923-ec6c4cfef178" width=93%>
<p>
### 🔥 For the first time, GPT-style autoregressive models surpass diffusion models🚀:
<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR/assets/39692511/cc30b043-fa4e-4d01-a9b1-e50650d5675d" width=55%>
<p>
### 🔥 Discovering power-law Scaling Laws in VAR transformers📈:
<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR/assets/39692511/c35fb56e-896e-4e4b-9fb9-7a1c38513804" width=85%>
<p>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR/assets/39692511/91d7b92c-8fc3-44d9-8fb4-73d6cdb8ec1e" width=85%>
<p>
### 🔥 Zero-shot generalizability🛠️:
<p align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/FoundationVision/VAR/assets/39692511/a54a4e52-6793-4130-bae2-9e459a08e96a" width=70%>
<p>
#### For a deep dive into our analyses, discussions, and evaluations, check out our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02905).
## VAR zoo
We provide VAR models for you to play with, which are on <a href='https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var'><img src='https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%A4%97%20Huggingface-FoundationVision/var-yellow'></a> or can be downloaded from the following links:
| model | reso. | FID | rel. cost | #params | HF weights🤗 |
|:----------:|:-----:|:--------:|:---------:|:-------:|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| VAR-d16 | 256 | 3.55 | 0.4 | 310M | [var_d16.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/var_d16.pth) |
| VAR-d20 | 256 | 2.95 | 0.5 | 600M | [var_d20.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/var_d20.pth) |
| VAR-d24 | 256 | 2.33 | 0.6 | 1.0B | [var_d24.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/var_d24.pth) |
| VAR-d30 | 256 | 1.97 | 1 | 2.0B | [var_d30.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/var_d30.pth) |
| VAR-d30-re | 256 | **1.80** | 1 | 2.0B | [var_d30.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/var_d30.pth) |
| VAR-d36 | 512 | **2.63** | - | 2.3B | [var_d36.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/var_d36.pth) |
You can load these models to generate images via the codes in [demo_sample.ipynb](demo_sample.ipynb). Note: you need to download [vae_ch160v4096z32.pth](https://huggingface.co/FoundationVision/var/resolve/main/vae_ch160v4096z32.pth) first.
## Installation
1. Install `torch>=2.0.0`.
2. Install other pip packages via `pip3 install -r requirements.txt`.
3. Prepare the [ImageNet](http://image-net.org/) dataset
<details>
<summary> assume the ImageNet is in `/path/to/imagenet`. It should be like this:</summary>
```
/path/to/imagenet/:
train/:
n01440764:
many_images.JPEG ...
n01443537:
many_images.JPEG ...
val/:
n01440764:
ILSVRC2012_val_00000293.JPEG ...
n01443537:
ILSVRC2012_val_00000236.JPEG ...
```
**NOTE: The arg `--data_path=/path/to/imagenet` should be passed to the training script.**
</details>
5. (Optional) install and compile `flash-attn` and `xformers` for faster attention computation. Our code will automatically use them if installed. See [models/basic_var.py#L15-L30](models/basic_var.py#L15-L30).
## Training Scripts
To train VAR-{d16, d20, d24, d30, d36-s} on ImageNet 256x256 or 512x512, you can run the following command:
```shell
# d16, 256x256
torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=... --node_rank=... --master_addr=... --master_port=... train.py \
--depth=16 --bs=768 --ep=200 --fp16=1 --alng=1e-3 --wpe=0.1
# d20, 256x256
torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=... --node_rank=... --master_addr=... --master_port=... train.py \
--depth=20 --bs=768 --ep=250 --fp16=1 --alng=1e-3 --wpe=0.1
# d24, 256x256
torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=... --node_rank=... --master_addr=... --master_port=... train.py \
--depth=24 --bs=768 --ep=350 --tblr=8e-5 --fp16=1 --alng=1e-4 --wpe=0.01
# d30, 256x256
torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=... --node_rank=... --master_addr=... --master_port=... train.py \
--depth=30 --bs=1024 --ep=350 --tblr=8e-5 --fp16=1 --alng=1e-5 --wpe=0.01 --twde=0.08
# d36-s, 512x512 (-s means saln=1, shared AdaLN)
torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=... --node_rank=... --master_addr=... --master_port=... train.py \
--depth=36 --saln=1 --pn=512 --bs=768 --ep=350 --tblr=8e-5 --fp16=1 --alng=5e-6 --wpe=0.01 --twde=0.08
```
A folder named `local_output` will be created to save the checkpoints and logs.
You can monitor the training process by checking the logs in `local_output/log.txt` and `local_output/stdout.txt`, or using `tensorboard --logdir=local_output/`.
If your experiment is interrupted, just rerun the command, and the training will **automatically resume** from the last checkpoint in `local_output/ckpt*.pth` (see [utils/misc.py#L344-L357](utils/misc.py#L344-L357)).
## Sampling & Zero-shot Inference
For FID evaluation, use `var.autoregressive_infer_cfg(..., cfg=1.5, top_p=0.96, top_k=900, more_smooth=False)` to sample 50,000 images (50 per class) and save them as PNG (not JPEG) files in a folder. Pack them into a `.npz` file via `create_npz_from_sample_folder(sample_folder)` in [utils/misc.py#L344](utils/misc.py#L360).
Then use the [OpenAI's FID evaluation toolkit](https://github.com/openai/guided-diffusion/tree/main/evaluations) and reference ground truth npz file of [256x256](https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/diffusion/jul-2021/ref_batches/imagenet/256/VIRTUAL_imagenet256_labeled.npz) or [512x512](https://openaipublic.blob.core.windows.net/diffusion/jul-2021/ref_batches/imagenet/512/VIRTUAL_imagenet512.npz) to evaluate FID, IS, precision, and recall.
Note a relatively small `cfg=1.5` is used for trade-off between image quality and diversity. You can adjust it to `cfg=5.0`, or sample with `autoregressive_infer_cfg(..., more_smooth=True)` for **better visual quality**.
We'll provide the sampling script later.
## Third-party Usage and Research
***In this pargraph, we cross link third-party repositories or research which use VAR and report results. You can let us know by raising an issue***
(`Note please report accuracy numbers and provide trained models in your new repository to facilitate others to get sense of correctness and model behavior`)
| **Time** | **Research** | **Link** |
|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [5/12/2025] | [ICML 2025]Continuous Visual Autoregressive Generation via Score Maximization | https://github.com/shaochenze/EAR |
| [5/8/2025] | Generative Autoregressive Transformers for Model-Agnostic Federated MRI Reconstruction | https://github.com/icon-lab/FedGAT |
| [4/7/2025] | FastVAR: Linear Visual Autoregressive Modeling via Cached Token Pruning | https://github.com/csguoh/FastVAR |
| [4/3/2025] | VARGPT-v1.1: Improve Visual Autoregressive Large Unified Model via Iterative Instruction Tuning and Reinforcement Learning | https://github.com/VARGPT-family/VARGPT-v1.1 |
| [3/31/2025] | Training-Free Text-Guided Image Editing with Visual Autoregressive Model | https://github.com/wyf0912/AREdit |
| [3/17/2025] | Next-Scale Autoregressive Models are Zero-Shot Single-Image Object View Synthesizers | https://github.com/Shiran-Yuan/ArchonView |
| [3/14/2025] | Safe-VAR: Safe Visual Autoregressive Model for Text-to-Image Generative Watermarking | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11324 |
| [3/3/2025] | [ICML 2025]Direct Discriminative Optimization: Your Likelihood-Based Visual Generative Model is Secretly a GAN Discriminator | https://research.nvidia.com/labs/dir/ddo/ |
| [2/28/2025] | Autoregressive Medical Image Segmentation via Next-Scale Mask Prediction | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.20784 |
| [2/27/2025] | FlexVAR: Flexible Visual Autoregressive Modeling without Residual Prediction | https://github.com/jiaosiyu1999/FlexVAR |
| [2/17/2025] | MARS: Mesh AutoRegressive Model for 3D Shape Detailization | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11390 |
| [1/31/2025] | [ICML 2025]Visual Autoregressive Modeling for Image Super-Resolution | https://github.com/quyp2000/VARSR |
| [1/21/2025] | VARGPT: Unified Understanding and Generation in a Visual Autoregressive Multimodal Large Language Model | https://github.com/VARGPT-family/VARGPT |
| [1/26/2025] | [ICML 2025]Visual Generation Without Guidance | https://github.com/thu-ml/GFT |
| [12/30/2024] | Next Token Prediction Towards Multimodal Intelligence | https://github.com/LMM101/Awesome-Multimodal-Next-Token-Prediction |
| [12/30/2024] | Varformer: Adapting VAR’s Generative Prior for Image Restoration | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.21063 |
| [12/22/2024] | [ICLR 2025]Distilled Decoding 1: One-step Sampling of Image Auto-regressive Models with Flow Matching | https://github.com/imagination-research/distilled-decoding |
| [12/19/2024] | FlowAR: Scale-wise Autoregressive Image Generation Meets Flow Matching | https://github.com/OliverRensu/FlowAR |
| [12/13/2024] | 3D representation in 512-Byte: Variational tokenizer is the key for autoregressive 3D generation | https://github.com/sparse-mvs-2/VAT |
| [12/9/2024] | CARP: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Coarse-to-Fine Autoregressive Prediction | https://carp-robot.github.io/ |
| [12/5/2024] | [CVPR 2025]Infinity ∞: Scaling Bitwise AutoRegressive Modeling for High-Resolution Image Synthesis | https://github.com/FoundationVision/Infinity |
| [12/5/2024] | [CVPR 2025]Switti: Designing Scale-Wise Transformers for Text-to-Image Synthesis | https://github.com/yandex-research/switti |
| [12/4/2024] | [CVPR 2025]TokenFlow🚀: Unified Image Tokenizer for Multimodal Understanding and Generation | https://github.com/ByteFlow-AI/TokenFlow |
| [12/3/2024] | XQ-GAN🚀: An Open-source Image Tokenization Framework for Autoregressive Generation | https://github.com/lxa9867/ImageFolder |
| [11/28/2024] | [CVPR 2025]CoDe: Collaborative Decoding Makes Visual Auto-Regressive Modeling Efficient | https://github.com/czg1225/CoDe |
| [11/28/2024] | [CVPR 2025]Scalable Autoregressive Monocular Depth Estimation | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11361 |
| [11/27/2024] | [CVPR 2025]SAR3D: Autoregressive 3D Object Generation and Understanding via Multi-scale 3D VQVAE | https://github.com/cyw-3d/SAR3D |
| [11/26/2024] | LiteVAR: Compressing Visual Autoregressive Modelling with Efficient Attention and Quantization | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17178 |
| [11/15/2024] | M-VAR: Decoupled Scale-wise Autoregressive Modeling for High-Quality Image Generation | https://github.com/OliverRensu/MVAR |
| [10/14/2024] | [ICLR 2025]HART: Efficient Visual Generation with Hybrid Autoregressive Transformer | https://github.com/mit-han-lab/hart |
| [10/12/2024] | [ICLR 2025 Oral]Toward Guidance-Free AR Visual Generation via Condition Contrastive Alignment | https://github.com/thu-ml/CCA |
| [10/3/2024] | [ICLR 2025]ImageFolder🚀: Autoregressive Image Generation with Folded Tokens | https://github.com/lxa9867/ImageFolder |
| [07/25/2024] | ControlVAR: Exploring Controllable Visual Autoregressive Modeling | https://github.com/lxa9867/ControlVAR |
| [07/3/2024] | VAR-CLIP: Text-to-Image Generator with Visual Auto-Regressive Modeling | https://github.com/daixiangzi/VAR-CLIP |
| [06/16/2024] | STAR: Scale-wise Text-to-image generation via Auto-Regressive representations | https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.10797 |
## License
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
## Citation
If our work assists your research, feel free to give us a star ⭐ or cite us using:
```
@Article{VAR,
title={Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Prediction},
author={Keyu Tian and Yi Jiang and Zehuan Yuan and Bingyue Peng and Liwei Wang},
year={2024},
eprint={2404.02905},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
```
```
@misc{Infinity,
title={Infinity: Scaling Bitwise AutoRegressive Modeling for High-Resolution Image Synthesis},
author={Jian Han and Jinlai Liu and Yi Jiang and Bin Yan and Yuqi Zhang and Zehuan Yuan and Bingyue Peng and Xiaobing Liu},
year={2024},
eprint={2412.04431},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04431},
}
```